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	<title>worlds &#8211; Fountain Magazine</title>
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		<title>The Glass Half Full</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/2014/issue-98-march-april-2014/the-glass-half-full-march-2014/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 98 (March - April 2014)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[choice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[day]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[full]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[glass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[good]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[happiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hears]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature & Languages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sadness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sunshine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/2014/issue-98-march-april-2014/the-glass-half-full-march-2014/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[And alas the day has come,when worlds crash, collide.When the happiest day of someone&#8217;s life merges with someone else&#8217;s nightmare.When someone hears of someone&#8217;s death,while another hears his baby&#8217;s first cry.When someone hears that they have passed their exams with highest honors,while another has heard that they have failed.When someone celebrats their 30th anniversary, going [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>And alas the day has come,<br />when worlds crash, collide.<br />When the happiest day of someone&#8217;s life merges with someone else&#8217;s nightmare.<br />When someone hears of someone&#8217;s death,<br />while another hears his baby&#8217;s first cry.<br />When someone hears that they have passed their exams with highest honors,<br />while another has heard that they have failed.<br />When someone celebrats their 30th anniversary, going strong<br />while another, is in court, signing their divorce papers.</p>
<p>Is this life?<br />This drastic contrast?<br />This black and white?<br />This sunshine and rain?<br />Is it?</p>
<p>Is it normal<br />for worlds to collide?<br />Combine?<br />Crash?</p>
<p>And these emotions?<br />To effervesce differently, yet be present,<br /> in the same world, <br />the same existence.</p>
<p>It is.<br />And, apparently this is life,<br />When your mind and heart will be playing a tug of war,<br />and you sit,<br />you sit and realize it&#8217;s your choice.</p>
<p>See&#8230;<br />It&#8217;s your choice to visualize what you want to see. It&#8217;s your choice to just stay in the sunshine, ignoring the rain.<br /> It&#8217;s your choice to just stare at that white and don&#8217;t look back at that black.</p>
<p>So this is what they meant,<br />when they told us to look at the cup, half full.</p>
<p>Even when you&#8217;re grieving the half that is gone, half is still there.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s the choice.<br />It&#8217;s the choice to chose how we look at our lives, the good and the bad.<br />How we smile in our happiness, <br />and find strength in our sadness.</p>
<p>How we laugh when we hear something funny, <br />something fun, <br />and hold those tears <br />when the sadness stings our hearts.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s our choice.<br />Our choice to be those optimisms <br />who just look at the glass as half full.</p>
<p>And who know,</p>
<p>deep down,<br />Even if the glass isn&#8217;t half full,<br />even if it&#8217;s only a quarter, or even a tenth, full<br />it will still, to some degree, be full.</p>
<p>And that it&#8217;ll get better.<br />It will get fuller.<br />Just know<br />that it will get better. <br />It will fill up.</p>
<p>No one&#8217;s glass<br />is constantly full&#8230;</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Second Life or Afterlife?</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/2011/issue-79-january-february-2011/second-life-or-afterlife/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 79 (January - February 2011)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[activities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afterlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[educational]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[live]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lives]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[online]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[people]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perspectives]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[real]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[users]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[virtual]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/2011/issue-79-january-february-2011/second-life-or-afterlife/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[What would you think if you overheard two people talking about Second Life? Although this may sound like the afterlife to most, that is, where, after facing the Judgment of God humans will be either admitted to Heaven by His mercy or driven into Hell by His justice, today, for millions of players, “Second Life” [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What would you think if you overheard two people talking about Second Life? Although this may sound like the afterlife to most, that is, where, after facing the Judgment of God humans will be either admitted to Heaven by His mercy or driven into Hell by His justice, today, for millions of players, “Second Life” also refers to one of the most famous online virtual worlds where players can create an online life for themselves.</p>
<p>Every day, millions of people log on to online environments, seeking a second life in virtual worlds. It is noticeable that the average user is 26 years old, and spends 22 hours per week in his/her alternative lives [1]. After such dedicated players spend this much time in these worlds, not much is left for their offline activities. They literally live “in” these virtual worlds. What leads them to prefer a virtual life over a real one? Is something missing from the daily life? Why are people not happy or satisfied with what they have? Are they asking for more or looking for something they don’t have?</p>
<p>In Second Life, users can create a new character for themselves, a lifestyle, an environment or anything else they might imagine. Second Life, with about 17 million users, has its own economy and currency (Linden). Residents are able to buy and sell amongst themselves directly using Linden, which is also exchangeable for US dollars. Second Life&#8217;s GDP (2007) is estimated between $500 million and $600 million [2], which is larger than the GDP of 19 countries in the world. In October, 2008 users spent approximately $30 million. Although Second Life does not have a government, many countries have embassies in Second Life. The online world even has an in-world newspaper.</p>
<p>Many forms of sports activities have also appeared in Second Life. Residents can watch or participate in football, soccer, boxing, wrestling, and auto racing. Virtual art centers and museums allow artists to create and exhibit their works in a way which might not be possible in real life because of physical constraints or high costs. Streaming vocal and instrumental music or inworld instruments allow performances of live music. Live theater is also available in Second Life. The British act Redzone toured for their new album on Second Life (2007).</p>
<p>There are several studies [3] discussing how these online worlds could be used for educational purposes. There are regions in the virtual world of Second Life for educational purposes, and a variety of topics are covered. Virtual worlds are favored because they are thought to provide more engaging experiences than traditional online learning. Virtual worlds can provide an interactive imitation of real life classroom environments. 80 percent of British universities have teaching and learning activities in Second Life. More than 300 universities around the world are taking advantage of the platform to provide educational services at lower costs.</p>
<p>Good and evil exist in Second Life, so religion is also finding its way into this world. Many religious organizations have opened churches, cathedrals and meeting places in Second Life. People are more willing to explore and discuss spiritual things in a virtual world [4]. Second Life also has a place to perform the Hajj ritual, providing a virtual experience before making the actual pilgrimage in person. However, some residents find the idea of virtual worship odd. They prefer spending their time flying, shopping, or engaging in other activities.</p>
<p>Are all these activities making users happier or just helping them to forget their real life? The more users spend time in these worlds, the more they became addicted to their new lifestyle, becoming alienated from the events and responsibilities of real life.</p>
<p>Fethullah Gulen, a Turkish scholar, addresses this question in one of his latest articles [5] as follows: “In spite of the dizzying developments brought by science, the new opportunities offered by technology, and so many means promising us welfare and happiness, the people of our time do not seem very happy. On the contrary, they are overcome by unease and depression more than ever. Although it should not be expected to be any other way, mere worldly opportunities, which are not supported by personal relationships to faith or knowledge of God, are not deepened or given meaning, and obviously do not mean much.”</p>
<p>Despite the large number of educational and social features available in virtual worlds, the main motivation that leads players to games like Second Life seems to be a lack of satisfaction with their real lives. People are either not happy with their work, lifestyle or social environment, or they are seeking a second chance in life, a fresh start. These worlds approximate real life ever more closely with each new technological development. It remains to be seen how virtual worlds will affect real human relationships. One day people may not realize the difference between real and virtual worlds. Is Second Life simply taking over real life?</p>
<p>Gulen makes a similar connection between technological developments and the afterlife: “Even though it would not be correct to speculate today on the days to come, people who predict the future claim that the world will become so attractive for the people of physicality and carnal pleasures that it will make them forget Paradise. With a feeling and passion that gives priority to immediate pleasures and delights, they will say like Omar Khayyam, ‘The past and future are all but tales; enjoy yourself now, do not spoil your life.’ Thus, they will see life as only eating, drinking, and resting, constantly making their choices in favor of worldly ease and comfort.” The belief that on a particular day all humans will be held accountable before God for their actions in this life helps to support and protect the social dynamics of society. Success in the afterlife depends on remembering that one day we will be held responsible for every single deed of our earthly life.</p>
<p>Social dynamics and problems related to online gaming have been discussed widely in academic arenas. The large amount of time, money and resources spent on these games, as well as the associated social and behavioral problems, and loss of productivity are only some of the issues that come to mind. Scholarly articles on ethical issues of life in virtual worlds [6] have increased lately, and many topics are broached, including matters of privacy, monitoring and eavesdropping, the fear of exploitation, identity theft, the ethical impact of aesthetic decisions, values and ethics that are manifested in the social processes and their relevance to activities, professional ethics, standards of integrity, given identity issues and practices, malevolence and altruism, legal and ethical doctrines of confidential and privileged information, ethics for students and instructors, ethical development stages and issues, vandalism, harassment and crime.</p>
<p>Are we living our lives to the fullest? Everyone has the opportunity to choose how they live in this world. If this time is not well spent, that is, acting as if there is no responsibility or judgment for every action, what would be the difference between people living in this world as if it is a game, and those playing their lives away in these online worlds? The Holy Qur’an says: “This life of the world is but a pastime and a game, but the home of the Hereafter, that is Life if they but knew” [7]. Some people prefer their online lives to real life, and unfortunately many others are not aware that their actions evince their preference for the real life over the afterlife.</p>
<p>The movie Matrix has a similar story. The Matrix is a virtual world for people whose bodies are connected to the Machines, which use the bioelectricity and thermal energy of humans as their energy supply. Humans live out their lives in this virtual reality that resembles the 21st century without knowing that they are in a simulation. In the movie, a group of free humans attempts to rescue (unplug) others from the Matrix. The main challenge here is to make others believe that there is another life which is more real or important than the one they are living. In fact, as human beings we are all confronted with the same challenge. Either we gain an understanding of the meaning of our existence in the world and live accordingly, or we are enslaved by worldly ease and comfort, immediate pleasures and delights.</p>
<p>I would like to end with a point the Gulen made on happiness: “It seems that until human beings come to realize their essence, it will not be possible for them to put their affairs in order or to attain the happiness they long for. And this is particularly so if they are trying to suppress their spiritual appetite through luxury, comfort, and seeking to satisfy their physical pleasures because they are unable to realize their real problems.”</p>
<p>Acknowledgment: This article has been produced at MERGEOUS [8], an online article and project development service for authors and publishers dedicated to the advancement of technologies in the merging realm of science and religion.</p>
<p><em>Halil I. Demir is postdoctoral scholar in the area of Informatics, and lives in Iowa.</em></p>
<h3><b>References</b></h3>
<p>[1] Yee, N. “The demographics, motivations, and derived experiences of users of massively-multiuser online graphical environments.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15:309–329.</p>
<p>[2] Wikipedia, Linden Dolar, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linden_dollar</p>
<p>[3] Delwiche, A. (2006). “Massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) in the new media classroom.” Educational Technology &amp; Society, 9 (3), 160-172.</p>
<p>[4] Anselmo, D., 08/01/2007, “A ‘Second’ Way to Save Souls” (churchsolutionsmag.com).</p>
<p>[5] Gulen, M. Fethullah, “Days of Depression and Our Atlas of Hope,” The Fountain Magazine, Issue 67, 2009.</p>
<p>[6] Emerging Ethical Issues of Life in Virtual Worlds, Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC, June 15, 2009.</p>
<p>[7] The Holy Quran (29:64).</p>
<p>[8] Mergeous, http://www.mergeous.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Heart of a Child</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/2009/issue-72-november-december-2009/the-heart-of-a-child/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 72 (November - December 2009)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[air]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brightest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[creation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[divine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forget]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[form]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gave]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imagine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jinn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature & Languages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[men]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[purest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[story]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unseen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/2009/issue-72-november-december-2009/the-heart-of-a-child/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Caught in a child’s hand, the seashell becomes treasure, a catalyst of daydreams. Tunes hummed by innocence reach the seagull nearby who gives up flight to breathe in this fresh air. An air that only they can bear, that we forget through years of aging hearts. The sand still has memory of us, although we [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Caught in a child’s hand,</p>
<p>the seashell becomes treasure,</p>
<p>a catalyst of daydreams. Tunes</p>
<p>hummed by innocence reach</p>
<p>the seagull nearby who gives up</p>
<p>flight to breathe in this fresh air.</p>
<p>An air that only they can bear,</p>
<p>that we forget through years</p>
<p>of aging hearts.</p>
<p>The sand still has memory of us,</p>
<p>although we forget. And that starfish</p>
<p>under the stars awaits our return,</p>
<p>but we turn. Away from the past</p>
<p>that gave us sight into a spark</p>
<p>of the divine. To see creation</p>
<p>in its purest form, its brightest shine.</p>
<p>Each grain of sand will be called to</p>
<p>tell his story. Can you imagine?</p>
<p>When from the seen and unseen</p>
<p>Worlds come Men and Jinn.</p>
<p>And to be asked from such an old age,</p>
<p>why we could not stay like a child.</p>
<p>For a moment to see like a child.</p>
<p>To dream like a child.</p>
<p>To take into our heart,</p>
<p>the Heart of the world,</p>
<p>as a child does,</p>
<p>with every blink of existence.</p>
<p> </p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>Expansion of the Universe</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/2006/issue-55-july-september-2006/expansion-of-the-universe/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jul 2006 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 55 (July - September 2006)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dark energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ether]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[existence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[expanding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frequency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heavens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[layers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[picture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Red shift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Hubble Telescope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[universe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[verse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/2006/issue-55-july-september-2006/expansion-of-the-universe/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[AND THE HEAVEN, WE HAVE CONSTRUCTED IT MIGHTILY, AND IT IS SURELY WE WHO HAVE VAST POWER, AND KEEP EXPANDING IT. (DHARIYAT 51:47) In this work we study a verse from the Qur’an, the 47th verse of the Sura al-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter), under the light of new discoveries in the field of astrophysics. [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<div align="center"><b><em>AND THE HEAVEN, WE HAVE CONSTRUCTED IT MIGHTILY, AND IT IS SURELY WE WHO HAVE VAST POWER, AND KEEP EXPANDING IT. (DHARIYAT 51:47)</em></b></div>
</blockquote>
<p>In this work we study a verse from the Qur’an, the 47th verse of the Sura al-Dhariyat (The Winds that Scatter), under the light of new discoveries in the field of astrophysics. We note that recent evidence about the accelerating expansion of the universe is also strongly consistent with this verse, although this has shocked the scientific community. In the last part of the article, we discuss possible relations of “metaphysical dimensions” and the concept of “the seven layers” with the word “sama” (translated in to English as “heaven”) as mentioned in the verse.</p>
<p>The existence of the universe is perhaps one of the greatest mysteries in science and philosophy. No convincing argument has been ever put forward that has enabled us to understand this amazing event, not since the beginning of modern science. Religions like Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, on the other hand, explain that the Creator built our robust universe directly out of physical nothingness, independent of any cause. Therefore, the initial creation of such universe would be impossible to explain physically (M. F. Gulen, from his conference on “Evolution and reality”).</p>
<p>In his translation of the relevant verse, S. Yildirim has noted that God keeps the universe expanding and He will continue to do so. Yildirim attributes two meanings to the word musiun in the verse; the first is the owner of great power, strength and wealth; the second is one who expands. Thus, it should not be a surprise to learn that this verse is indeed describing a continually-expanding universe. This might further lead Muslims to think that the Creator has not left the universe unattended after the Big Bang, but rather it is He who has kept creating and expanding it.</p>
<p>In the 1920’s a discovery was made that completely changed our perception of space. It was discovered that distant stars depart from the solar system and leave us even more and more alone in dark space. Then, Fr. Georges-Henri Lemaître, a Belgian astrophysicist, mathematician, and Catholic priest, proposed the idea of the expanding universe. Despite its finite size, it was believed that the universe was expanding.</p>
<p>We can explain this fact simply by an analogy. Think of a toy balloon with spots on it. Mark one of those spots and inflate the balloon. As we inflate it, we observe that all other spots on the surface of the balloon move away from the marked one. So, if we replace the balloon with our universe, the spots will be the stars and planets. If the universe is expanding indeed, then we expect them to be moving away from each other. In other words, the distances between heavenly bodies must be increasing.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, we don’t have a gigantic ruler to measure such immense distances. However, there are other means, such as measuring wave frequencies. Consider the following analogy: Someone throws one ball every second toward a target. Assume that balls travel with constant velocity. If the thrower is stationary, the target will receive one ball every second. However, if the thrower is moving towards the target, it will receive balls more frequently because the balls will be less spaced out. The converse is true if the thrower is moving away from the target. So it is actually the wavelength which is affected; as a consequence, the perceived frequency is also affected. That is, the distances between the waves emitted by objects moving away from us (wavelength) must be increasing, so the frequency decreasing. Likewise, think of an ambulance siren coming towards you and going away from you. It is a good example showing that while an acoustic source that is approaching us emits a higher frequency, the same source radiates lower frequency when going away from us. In physics this is known as the Doppler effect.</p>
<h3><b>Red shift</b></h3>
<p>This phenomenon does not only occur with sound waves, but also with electromagnetic waves. When we think of the spectrum of light, violet at one end has the shortest wavelength and red at the other end has the longest wavelength of visible light. So, any wave of light shifting toward red means the source is moving away from us. It has been determined that the frequency of light emitted by the elements within distant stars shift to a lower frequency, which is called a red shift.</p>
<p>It is this shift that makes astrophysicists think that the universe is expanding. One mustn’t be confused by red shift. This terminology is just used to explain in what direction the frequency is actually shifting on the spectrum. Those signals captured from distant stars have a much smaller frequency (much higher wavelength) than that of red light and they are indeed in the microwave regime and shifting to even much smaller frequency radio waves.</p>
<p>In 2002, an article presenting new evidence of the accelerating expansion of the universe was published by the Royal Astronomical Society. It was not so long ago, only five years, that general opinion concurred with a decelerating expansion. However, the first evidence found by two astronomers in that year led us into a universe that expands in an accelerating fashion, contrary to previous views. This result was absolutely unexpected, because many scientists believed that expansion would slow down due to gravity. Another interesting fact is that if space were to cease expanding, this would be in contradiction to the above verse. God, however, by never allowing this to happen, shows how futile the actions of those who deny His verses are and how extensive His power is, as well as how purposefully He creates.</p>
<h3><b>Dark energy</b></h3>
<p>The groups who worked in the above study figured out, from the brightness of supernovas in distant galaxies, that the universe must expand more and more in the future due to a peculiar dark energy within it. The concept of dark energy was first postulated by Einstein, who named it the “cosmological constant.” However, since this did not fit in well with his theory of general relativity, he withdrew it and said that it was a scientific blunder. Since then, dark energy has had a rather controversial history.</p>
<p>A team of 27 astronomers, directed by Professor Efstathiou of Cambridge University, proposed strong evidence supporting the existence of dark matter, based on completely novel techniques. Their results, which were consistent with previous supernovas, showed that the universe is indeed full of dark matter. Professor Efstathiou thinks that the explanation of dark energy might include additional dimensions like creation (Big Bang) as well. Fr. Lemaître also proposed the expanding universe theory at an opportune time since Edwin Hubble would soon release his red shift observations that strongly supported an expanding universe and, consequently, the Big Bang theory. Here, the Big Bang is seen as the beginning of a continuous expansion.</p>
<p>The verse seems to tell us miraculously that the expansion of the universe will not cease, despite our limited knowledge of the physical reason for its acceleration.</p>
<h3><b>The Hubble Telescope</b></h3>
<p>Another article, published in Nature, presents us the first and deepest picture of space taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. This caused the astronomers to compete in solving the mysteries of the arts of God. The picture, also known as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, was broadcasted and published in various programs and journals. It has not only shown us the farthest stars of the universe, but the youngest as well. It was very difficult to detect such weak light with the former technology. This picture reveals the embryonic universe, with an age of only 500 million years old. Estimated age of the universe is 13-14 billion years. Three physicists from American Natural History Museum in New York started a competition to publish an article on the Ultra Deep Field picture after the data was disclosed. They hope to answer many questions about the past and future universe. A group at the Stony Brook University, New York, directed by Kenneth Lanzetta, analysed the embryonic samples in the picture to try to discover when various galaxies had been born and how they had evolved. Two other groups are studying the motions of stars and galaxies, as the picture is a result of data collected over a month.</p>
<p>Having looked at the expansion of universe under the light of recent discoveries, now we turn our attention to two other arguments that could be relevant to expansion. Namely, ether (a substance which it is believed fills up the vast universe and which is the ultimate building block of the space), and the seven-layer-universe.</p>
<p>Despite the Michelson-Morley experiment, which argued against theory of luminiferous ether, the propagation of electric, light, or heat in space shows the existence of a substance through which they flow. The Michelson-Morley experiment is nothing more than just a test of the non-existence of certain qualities of ether. For example, in order to show the existence of photons, of which light is made up, we cannot go beyond showing the features of photons. In other words, depending on how we have defined its qualities, we can observe different aspects in the photon, ether, or anything else. In fact, even today, we don’t really know what a photon really is, although we observe its affects every day. In short, it is not possible to show the non-existence of phenomena that cannot be absolutely defined. Instead, we can only test the existence of the properties that we have defined and attributed to them, and thus we better understand their nature of existence in the context of those pre-defined qualities. Hence, the existence of ether is still controversial and needs more thorough research.</p>
<h3><b>Seven layers</b></h3>
<p>Regarding the seven-layer-universe, on the other hand, how is it possible for ether to manifest itself in seven heavens? It may be that these seven layers are not all posed above our heads, but rather that they may be found one with another. The universe is composed of many systems and networks that are the building blocks of their counterparts on larger scales. Each system is governed by laws, which differ slightly from one another. Inside the atom there exists a proton with its unique organization and in a proton we find quarks. For example, communication between protons and electrons is mediated by the electromagnetic force, while the quarks inside the protons communicate via the strong force. These interleaved circles show us that the universe is indeed composed of numerous layers.</p>
<p>We may use these layers for the metaphysical world as well. The human being is not only composed of matter, but also has a mind, a soul, and intelligence. Although these components are accepted as existing by all, their exact nature has not yet been explained by positive sciences.</p>
<p>It seems that the universe is composed of at least two different worlds: The material world (physical) and the immaterial (metaphysical) world. Are these two worlds completely separate, or do they have some features in common? In fact, the existence of humanity might prove to be this common set. But, it may also be true for the universe itself. Nursi states that the distant galaxies, stars and planets are not empty, but home to many spirits and angels who have their own consciences. Thus, one can say that despite the boundaries which separate these two worlds, such as different numbers of temporal and spatial dimensions, they constitute a whole, the Universe. The interaction between them will never fail as long as the universe exists.</p>
<p>The existence of two separate worlds is not that difficult to believe, but there is more:</p>
<p>It is He Who (prepared the earth for your life before He gave you life, and) created all that is in the world for you (in order to create you – the human species – and make the earth suitable for your life); then He directed (His Knowledge, Will, Power, and Favor) to the heaven, and formed it into seven heavens. He has full knowledge of everything. (Baqara 2:29)</p>
<p>The Qur’an calls the heaven where the sun, moon and stars are the lowest heaven or the heaven of the world (Mulk 67:5). The other six heavens may be the heavens of the worlds of the Hereafter.1 We are not sure whether this seven-layer heavens can only be attributed to the physical universe. It might be able to apply to the universe as a whole, with its all seen and unseen layers as well. Even the worlds of angels and spirits may be expanding in accordance with the laws therein, to show how the power and the wealth of God are comprehended in those worlds as well. Although our Earth is finite, the expansion may not be restricted to our finite world, but it may continue in infinite worlds as well.</p>
<p>It is possible that the space being filled with ether has an important role in paving the orbits of planets or stars, as well as other heavenly bodies. We believe that future studies on dark matter, ether, and string theory will help us to better understand the expansion process of the universe.</p>
<h3>Note</h3>
<p>1. What the Qur’an means by seven heavens has been interpreted in different ways. For further information see Unal, 2006, p. 19.</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<ul>
<li>Ünal, Ali, The Qur’an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English, The Light, Inc., New Jersey: 2006.</li>
<li>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 330, 21 (2002).</li>
<li>Nursi, S., The Words, The Light, Inc., Istanbul: 2005.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Four Short Signs Alluding to Divine Unity</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/2001/issue-35-july-september-2001/four-short-signs-alluding-to-divine-unity/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jul 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 35 (July - September 2001)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Belief]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[divine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[god]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[love]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mirror]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permanence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permanent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ruin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sign]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supreme]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tablet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[walls]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/2001/issue-35-july-september-2001/four-short-signs-alluding-to-divine-unity/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[First Sign O worshipper of causes! Imagine that you see a splendid palace being built of different, marvelous jewels. However, some of these jewels can be found only in China, others in only Andalusia or Yemen, and still some others only in Siberia. Would you not say that only one who controls and owns the [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><b>First Sign </b></h3>
<p>O worshipper of causes! Imagine that you see a splendid palace being built of different, marvelous jewels. However, some of these jewels can be found only in China, others in only Andalusia or Yemen, and still some others only in Siberia. Would you not say that only one who controls and owns the whole world, who can have anything he wants brought to him whenever he wants it, can build that palace? </p>
<p>[its jewels”particles or atoms”are gathered from many worlds: the worlds of spirits and symbols; the Supreme Preserved Tablet<sup>1</sup> and from the worlds of air, water, earth, light, and fire]. Human needs are infinite, and human desires encompass the heavens and Earth. As human beings have connections with everything in this world and the Hereafter, they have no right to pray and worship that which is not the One Who</p>
<p>dominates Earth and the heavens and holds the reins of the world and the Hereafter.</p>
<h3><b>Second Sign</b></h3>
<p>O my heart. The most ignorant people are those who do not recognize the sun while seeing its image in a mirror, but rather love the mirror and seek to preserve it so that they can hold onto the sun permanently. If only they understood that the sun does not perish or disappear when the mirror does, they would direct their love only to the sun itself. A reflection does not depend on the mirror for its permanence; rather, the mirrors permanence depends on it, whereas the original object is self-subsistent. The permanence of the mirrorsliveliness and its shining [with the sun in it] are possible only through the permanence of the suns manifestations and the mirrors facing the sun.</p>
<p>Your heart is like that mirror, and the love of permanence implanted in your nature must be directed only to what is manifested in it. So, say: O Permanent One, You are the Permanent, and turn to Him so that you may become permanent. Then let mortality do as it wishes, for we do not mind whatever befalls us.</p>
<h3><b>Third Sign</b></h3>
<p>Know, my friend, that the All-Wise Creator has implanted within human nature a strange characteristic: Since the world cannot contain you, you frequently utter, as if in a suffocating dungeon, a sound of disgust. Yet something as small as a mustard seed, a cell, a memory, or a minute of time so absorbs you that you are lost in it and passionately attracted to it. The Creator has given you such faculties that some of them would not be satisfied even if they could swallow the world. Others are bored with microscopic particles and cannot tolerate even a hair out of place. You know that your eye cannot work properly if there is a hair in it.</p>
<p>Be alert and careful of what you do so that you will not ruin yourself and your most subtle faculties. An (unlawful) morsel or a word, an (illicit) glance, beckoning, or kiss can ruin you. Everything has an aspect of non-existence that can ruin and swallow you. Look at the mirror in your hand, and see how the sky and its stars are contained in it. See how the Truth inscribes most of your acts or deeds and even most of your life in your mustard seed-sized memory. Glory be to Him, the All-Powerful, the Self-Subsistent.</p>
<h3><b>Fourth Sign</b></h3>
<p>O you who worship the world! Your private world is a narrow, grave-like place. But since its walls are made of glass, and therefore reflect one within the other as far as the eye can see, you see it as spacious, as wide as a town. With respect to this worldly lifes material dimension, the past (the right wall) has finished and the future (the left wall) does not exist. However, as your worlds two mirror-like walls face each other, they come together at the point of your present time and make it difficult for you to distinguish between what is real and what is reflected [in them].</p>
<p>The line of your present extends into [your past and future] and becomes an area. When misfortune moves you, you strike your head against the walls, suffer disappointment, and lose sleep. You see your world as narrower than a grave and a bridge, and your life moves faster than a river and even lightning.</p>
<p>Since this is the nature of worldly life, and of life lived on the level of the flesh and animals, free yourself of animality, leave corporeality behind, and enter the level of life of the heart and spirit! You will find therein a sphere of life and a world of light more broad than the world that you imagined to be so broad. The key to that world is to make the heart utter the sacred words: There is no god but God, which express the mysteries of Divine Unity and knowledge of God, and to make the spirit work them.</p>
<h3><b><em>Footnote</em></b></h3>
<ol>
<li>The Supreme Preserved Tablet: This Tablet contains the originals of everything in Divine Knowledge, as well as the principles and laws of creation, and never changes. It has two aspects. One is known as the Supreme Preserved Tablet (85:22), and the other as the Manifest Record (36:12). The Quran states: Nothing befalls us save that which God has decreed or preordained for us (9:51), such as our complete personal characteristics, particularities, and future life-history, and: All moving creature on Earth and flying creatures are communities like humanity. God has neglected nothing in the Record (6:38).</li>
</ol>
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		<title>The Nature We Have Destroyed</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/1996/issue-15-july-september-1996/the-nature-we-have-destroyed/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Louima Cunningham]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Apr 1996 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 15 (July - September 1996)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beauties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beauty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deplorably]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[divine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exhibition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hear]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heavens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lead Article]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magnificent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[observe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paradise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rivers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[treated]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/1996/issue-15-july-september-1996/the-nature-we-have-destroyed/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Nature is, in its particulars and as a whose, an exhibition of Divine miracles. However, rather than call it an exhibition, we prefer to call it a ‘book’. For we sense and study it as a book and observe it in admiration as if looking through a book gilded in a very splendid way. Appearing [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nature is, in its particulars and as a whose, an exhibition of Divine miracles. However, rather than call it an exhibition, we prefer to call it a ‘book’. For we sense and study it as a book and observe it in admiration as if looking through a book gilded in a very splendid way. Appearing before us every morning arrayed in a new, dazzling and richly decorated dress, it breathes into us a new life and spirit and enraptures us.</p>
<p>This ‘book’ or exhibition was once much more dazzling; like a magnificent vessel sailing in the ocean of love and ecstasy or a chandelier with one thousand and one lights, it was beautiful beyond imagination. With its emerald hills and slopes and exhilarating valleys and plains, with its forests inhabited by thousands of kinds of cheerful animals and paradise-like gardens, fields and orchards, and with its singing birds and merry-making insects, this ‘book’ was the realm neighboring the other world. Divine mercy poured onto it in the form of rain to make the earth more fertile and, in return, hands were held open towards it in profound gratitude.</p>
<p>Those who sensed nature in that manner could not help but establish a deep heartfelt relation with the sound, melody, taste, smell and beauties which issued from it by the Hand of Power. For they were so intimate and familiar with it that whenever they gazed on it, they felt different things pertaining to the worlds beyond.</p>
<p>Like the elegance and grace in the architecture of a palace inspiring in us different things beyond the palace itself, nature, this exhibition of the miracles of Divine art, inspires in our hearts an intuition of the existence of One who, being the real source of all harmony and beauty, has brought it into existence and designed it, One who, although He makes us feel Himself through every work of His, is beyond the capacity of direct human perception.</p>
<p>The natural world and the heavens are as if in each other’s arms. It is as if in response to the strong desire of mountains to meet with heavens which they show by making their peaks lean on their skirts, heavens hang their skirts down over them. Like bees flying from one flower to the other, human imagination travels through the reflections of the Creator’s beauty and goes as fas as the horizon. When it reaches the horizon, thinking that the road goes on far into eternity beyond heavens, it sets out for a new journey and man begins to hear the melodies belonging to the worlds beyond. Those who, through their imaginations, can stay in those worlds for a long time, succeed in meeting the true beloved, with the love of whom they are consumed and for the union with whom they long.</p>
<p>For those who have resolved to make a journey through this realm of nature which provides knowledge of God for the traveller and where the heart, spirit and conscience overflow with innumerable kinds of pleasures, with its exhilarating spectacles, multi-coloured hills and slopes, impressive mountains that lead one into day-dreams, amorous gardens, awe-inspiring forests, streams and rivers murmuring in their way to union with seas-it is especially in spring and summer, a realm of joy, pleasure, peace and imagination. </p>
<p>There is a magnificence, a charm, and a poetical harmony in every corner of this ‘book’ or exhibition. It is as if-with all its variety of beauty diversified in colours and forms, and the sheer charm of its general appearance, such that one would say, It is impossible for it to be more beautiful than this!-nature were in a sort of beauty competition. Those who have awakened to those beauties observe it differently and hear from it melodies of unimaginable beauty. Those ‘intoxicated’ spirits see trees dancing mentioning His Name and flowers announcing Him in the languages particular to themselves, and they hear everything in nature whispering peculiar messages from that symphony of beauty.</p>
<p>There are parts of nature which know of neither winter nor autumn. They are so dazzling and charming that you feel near the pont of touching the ultimate reach of beauty where this and other worlds are as if concentric with each other. The slopes of those places give you the impression that you are in gardens of Paradise, the rivers flowing through them bring to your mind the rivers of Paradise, and the swaying of their trees bring you a gust of breezes in gardens of Paradise. In short, in the beauties exhibited in those places you feel and observe the eternal beauties and, thinking that the worldly life is too short to experience all those beauties perfectly, you feel an earnest desire for eternity and turn to the Infinitely Powerful One so that that vital desire of yours may be realized.</p>
<p>What a pity it is that this magnificent book, this charming exhibition, which the Infinitely Merciful One has created and presented to man to observe and study and to be exhilarated by, is no longer given any more care than is given to a heap of junk or rubbish. Worse than that, it is more and more becoming a wasteland and like a dunghill.</p>
<p>Today, air, that magnificent conductor of Divine commands, is a suffocating smoke and a perilous ‘whirlpool’. Water, that source of life and other Divine bounties, is either a hazardous flood or forms desolate expanses of pitch. And earth, that treasure of Divine grace and munificence, is a wilderness no longer productive and a ruin without any ecological balance.</p>
<p>Like everything else entrusted to us, we have deplorably treated this ‘book’, this magnificent exhibition, which is an embodiment of Divine grace and mercy. How deplorably and awkwardly we have treated plains and residential places, which we have changed into deserts and heaps of ruin. How deplorably and gracelessly we have treated seas and rivers, which we have polluted. Again, how deplorably and awkwardly we have treated air and water, and fields, forests, and gardens, which we have made unfavorable to any life. Truly, by changing this Paradise-like world to a hell, how deplorably and awkwardly we have treated ourselves!</p>
<p>Unless we improve this world, whose order we have destroyed and which we have polluted, and restore it to its essential beauty and magnificence, it will inevitably collapse on us in heaps of wreckage.</p>
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		<title>Music of Rain</title>
		<link>https://fountainmagazine.com/all-issues/1996/issue-13-january-march-1996/music-of-rain/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[The Fountain]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Issue 13 (January - March 1996)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drops]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fragrance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[green]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heavenly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature & Languages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[masses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mountains]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seeks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[skies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smiles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[worlds]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://107.21.79.195/all-issues/1996/issue-13-january-march-1996/music-of-rain/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Drops of rain,as if smiles from the worlds beyond, Travel here and there seeking the seas they parted from. They fall with the sound of plucked lute-strings; And hearing it, the earth begins to breathe. Drops of rain float down with the grace of butterflies, As if arranging some meaning in most rhythmic verse. They [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Drops of rain,as if smiles from the worlds beyond,</p>
<p>Travel here and there seeking the seas they parted from.</p>
<p>They fall with the sound of plucked lute-strings;</p>
<p>And hearing it, the earth begins to breathe.</p>
<p>Drops of rain float down with the grace of butterflies,</p>
<p>As if arranging some meaning in most rhythmic verse.</p>
<p>They resonate in the ear like a sweet melody,</p>
<p>And skies seem to weep for the grass on earth.</p>
<p>Each drop has said farewell to its heavenly life,</p>
<p>And returns to its origin, which is a roaring ocean.</p>
<p>Everything on earth holds still to listen to rain;</p>
<p>Each drop descends to the ground like an angel.</p>
<p>Eyes seeing the rain fall in such thrilling harmony</p>
<p>See worlds beyond this world come into view.</p>
<p>The skies rejoice with smiles observed everywhere;</p>
<p>Everyone is enchanted by the heavenly rhapsody.</p>
<p>Vapour rises in masses as great as mountains,</p>
<p>Then it seeks the green, blue and orange on earth.</p>
<p>Rain always brings down a peculiar contentment;</p>
<p>And carries fragrance of Paradise and exhilaration.</p>
<p>That fragrance pervades everywhere, deep into the soul,</p>
<p>Earth awakens to life and flowers burst open.</p>
<p>The whole of creation finds peace and serenity,</p>
<p>The window open to the realms beyond becomes visible.</p>
<p>***</p>
<p> </p>
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